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European Union standard euro coins
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1 euro cent, Italy
Italian euro coins have a design unique to each coin is designed by a different designer, from the 1 cent to the 2 euro coin they are: Eugenio Driutti, Luciana De Simoni, Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini, Claudia Momoni, Maria Angela Cassol, Roberto Mauri, Laura Cretara and Maria Carmela Colaneri. "RI" for Repubblica Italiana (Italian Republic) and the letter R for Rome.
The lowest-value Italian coin depicts the Castel del Monte. This castle was probably built between 1240 and 1250 but it is likely that construction was never completed. The castle’s function continues to remain a mystery. The design of this coin is by Eugenio Driutti.
Castel del Monte (Italian: Castel del Monte -. «Castle on the hill") is located in the south of Italy. Located 16 km from the town of Andria, Puglia Peninsula. Initially the castle was called «castrum Sancta Maria de Monte». It refers to the outstanding facilities of the times of Emperor Frederick II. Since 1996, the UNESCO World Heritage list.
Initially, the site of the castle there was a monastery of Our Lady of the Mount, however, describe its shape is not preserved. The castle was built during 1240-1250 years., But its interior decoration was not finished. There are mixed as the Gothic style and the tradition of Arab military architecture. Castel del Monte is a regular octagon. At the corners of the castle are the same octagonal tower. The height of the main octagon - 25 m, and the height of the towers -.. 26 m length of each wall is 16.5 m lock lock design has the following feature - the two sides of the tower are joined with one of the main sides of the octagon.
Castel del Monte is one of the most famous castles in the world. However, this structure is not a castle in the strict sense of the word, he does not have many buildings that are normally locks: moat, tree, the drawbridge. There is also space for stores, stables. His appointment and is unknown. It is assumed that it was conceived as a hunting lodge, but the interior was, according to some researchers, is too richly decorated and furnished for this purpose.
Castel del Monte - a two-storey building with a flat roof. Outside the building is a regular octagon with sides of 16.5 m. At each corner is also an octagonal tower. The inner courtyard is also a regular octagon. The height of the walls from the surface of the inner courtyard - 20.5 m, corner towers slightly higher.
The interiors are 16 regular trapezoids, eight on each floor. In every room of the second floor to direct sunlight penetrates twice a day throughout the year, for the first floor rooms is valid only in the summer. Thus, the upper part of the structure is a giant sundial. Two days a year - the light is evenly distributed in the summer and winter solstice between all the rooms of the first floor as the space and time. Thus, the first floor can serve as a calendar, and the entire building be treated as a kind of astronomical device.
2 euro cent, Italy
The Italian 2-cent coin shows the Mole Antonelliana, a landmark tower in the city of Turin. The building was originally planned as a synagogue. However, the ambitious project by architect Alessandro Antonelli quickly exhausted the financial resources of the Jewish community. The city of Turin took over the building in 1877. The coin was designed by Luciana De Simoni.
Mole Antonelliana (Mole Antonelliana) - an experimental building 167.5 meters high, erected in the XIX century by the architect Alessandro Antonelli in Turin. Like the Eiffel Tower, the building eventually came to be seen as a symbol of Turin. The stylized image of the tower became a symbol of the Turin Olympics.
The tower was founded at a time when Turin served as the capital of the whole of Italy, in 1863, as the country's main synagogue. Architect Antonelli, who has just finished the construction of 120-meter-high dome of the Basilica of San Gaudenzio in Novara provincial, promised to keep within a budget of 280 thousand. Lire. However, by 1876 expenditure exceeded 620 thousand. Lira, and the height of the building was still unfinished at the insistence of the architect has been increased from 66 to 167.5 meters.
The Jewish community refused to continue funding the project and gave it to the city authorities, which completed construction in 1889, after the death of Antonelli. In 1908 he entered the building Museum of the Risorgimento, which thus became the most high-altitude museum in the world. In 1938 the museum was moved to the Palazzo Carignano, and was replaced by the newly formed National Cinema Museum in 2000.
5 euro cent, Italy
The national side of the Italian 5-cent coin depicts the Colosseum in Rome. The Colosseum is the largest amphitheatre built in ancient Rome. Today, this giant arena, built between 72 and 80 AD, is one of the city’s best-known landmarks and testifies to the great construction skills of ancient Rome. Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini created the design for this coin.
The Colosseum (from the Latin colosseus -. Enormous) - the largest of the ancient Roman amphitheater, one of the famous ancient monuments of ancient Rome and one of the most remarkable structures in the world. Located in Rome, in the place where there was a pond, it refers to the Golden House of Nero. The Colosseum originally known as the Flavian Amphitheater because it was a collective construction of the emperors of the Flavian dynasty. Construction was carried out during 8 years, 72-80 years. n. e.
This is the grand ancient amphitheater: its length is equal to the outside of the ellipse 524 m, major axis - 187.77 m, minor axis - 155.64 m, the length of the arena - 85.75 m, its width is 53.62 m; the height of its walls - from 48 to 50 meters. At this size, he could accommodate about 50,000 spectators.
10 euro cent, Italy
The Italian 10-cent coin depicts The Birth of Venus, painted around 1486 by Sandro Botticelli. This large-scale work is considered one of the most impressive of the period. Despite the title, the picture does not show Venus at birth but her arrival on the beach in Cyprus. The picture is held in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. The reproduction on the coin is by Claudia Momoni.
Sandro Botticelli (Italian Sandro Botticelli, real name Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi.) (March 1, 1445 - May 17, 1510) - Italian painter of the Tuscan school. The representative of the early Renaissance. It was close to the court of the Medici and humanistic circles of Florence. Works on religious and mythological themes ( "Spring", about 1477-1478, "The Birth of Venus", about 1483-1484) marked inspired poetry, playing linear rhythms, subtle flavor.
He is one of the first introduced to the art of his time the ancient myth and allegory, and with special love worked on mythological subjects. The best creation of Botticelli believe they started in 1474, the frescoes in the Sistine Chapel of the Vatican. Presumably Botticelli was a follower of Savonarola. According to the legend, already in old age he burned his youthful vanity picture at the stake. "Birth of Venus" was the last of such picture.
20 euro cent, Italy
The Italian 20-cent coin shows the sculpture Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913) by Umberto Boccioni. In this work, he tries to resolve in sculptural form the problem of showing movement. The sculpture shows a human figure going forward in powerful steps. The design on the coin is by Maria Angela Cassol.
Umberto Boccioni (Umberto Boccioni) (October 19, 1882 - August 16, 1916) - Italian painter, sculptor. One of the leaders of futurism. In his works dominated by the motif of general construction, a total transformation of the world.
Major works Boccioni: painting - "The city rises" (1910), a series of paintings "The state of the soul"; sculpture - "Development of a bottle in space" (bronze, 1912), "Unique Forms of Continuity in Space" (bronze, 1913).
50 euro cent, Italy
The Italian 50-cent coin features a statue, carved around 165 AD, of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius on horseback. He was Roman Emperor between 161 and 180 AD and is often referred to as the ‘philosopher on the throne’. Roberto Mauri created the coin’s design.
In the XII century, the statue was moved to the Lateran Square. In the XV century, the Vatican librarian Platina compared the image on the coins, and recognize the identity of the rider. In 1538 she was placed in the Capitol on the orders of Pope Paul III. Plinth for the statue made by Michelangelo; it says: «ex humiliore loco in area capitoliam».
1 euro, Italy
The national side of the Italian €1 coin shows Vitruvian Man, Leonardo da Vinci’s famous drawing. It features a man in two superimposed positions with arms and legs outstretched. This drawing is still regarded as a prime example of Renaissance aesthetics and remains one of the most popular and most reproduced figures of all time. The drawing was transformed for the coin’s design by Laura Cretara.
Leonardo da Vinci (Leonardo da Vinci) (15.04.1452 - 2.05.1519), the great Italian artist and scientist. Bright representative of the "universal man" (Latin homo universale.) - Italian Renaissance ideal. Painter, engineer, mechanic, carpenter, musician, mathematician, pathologist, inventor ... - this is not a complete list of universal genius faces. He was called a magician, a servant of the devil, an Italian Faust and divine spirit. He was ahead of his time for several centuries to come. He was the founder of the art of the High Renaissance.
2 euro, Italy
The Italian €2 euro coin shows a portrait drawn by Raphaël of Dante Alighieri, the most significant poet of the period in Italy, if not the whole of mediaeval Europe. His writings turned Italian into a literary language. The motif for this coin was designed by Maria Carmela Colaneri.
Dante Alighieri (Dante Alighieri) (1265-1321) - Italian poet, the founder of the Italian literary language, the last poet of the Middle Ages and at the same time the first poet of modern times.
Dante's peak of creativity - the poem "The Divine Comedy" in three parts, and 100 songs, poetic encyclopedia of the Middle Ages. He had a great influence on the development of European culture.
